不同紫色母岩对景观水体氮磷及有机物去除的影响

选取重庆地区分布面积较广的蓬莱镇组(S1)、沙溪庙组(S2)、飞仙关组(S3)和遂宁组(S4)这4种不同紫色母岩,将其灭菌后加到未灭菌的取自西南大学崇德湖的景观水体中,进行生态缸构建,研究不同紫色母岩理化性质对水体中氮磷及有机物去除的影响.结果表明,实验条件下,S1组对水体总氮、总磷及氨氮去除效果最好,去除率分别为45.1%、62.3%、90.0%;S4组对水体中COD去除效果最好,去除率为94.5%;实验前后紫色母岩中氨氮含量变化均不明显,说明紫色母岩的吸附作用不是导致水体中氨氮下降的主要因素;砷对硫酸盐还原菌有抑制作用,铜、镁对革兰氏阴性菌有促进作用,水体中微生物多样性与总氮含量正相关;微生物群落结构与环境因子的PCA分析得出母岩通过释放矿质元素影响水体中微生物群落结构及组成,从而影响水体氮磷及有机物去除.     

高温生物滤塔处理污泥干化尾气的研究

利用高温生物滤塔处理污泥干化产生的尾气,气体处理量为2 700~3 100 m~3·h~(-1),停留时间为21.88~25.10 s,研究启动期和稳定运行的运行效果.生物滤塔能有效去除干化尾气中的SO_2、氨以及挥发性有机物,去除率分别达到100%、93.61%以及87.01%.微生物分析结果显示,生物滤塔内形成稳定的生物系统,填料和溶液中生长一定量的细菌和硫细菌.主要功能种群包括类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus sp.,螯台球菌Chelatococcus sp.,芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp.,梭菌Clostridium thermosuccinogerws,假黄单胞菌Pseudoxanthomonas sp.,地芽孢杆菌Geobacillus debilis.大部分为脱氮、脱硫或者降解挥发性有机物的嗜热菌.     

土壤微生物产电技术及其潜在应用研究进展

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cells,MFCs)是一种利用微生物将有机物的化学能转化为电能的装置.土壤含有产电细菌和有机质,能够在MFCs中产生电流.运行土壤MFCs能实时连续监测土壤污染和环境变化,去除土壤中污染物以及抑制淹水稻田土壤排放甲烷.实现上述功能不仅不消耗能源,相反还能产生少量电能,也无需向土壤中添加化学药剂.因此土壤MFCs是值得探索的环境友好的污染检测和修复技术以及温室气体减排技术,在环境科学与工程领域具有潜在的应用价值.由于土壤MFCs研究起步较晚,MFCs领域许多新技术尚未在土壤MFCs中得以应用.本文综述了土壤MFCs的相关研究进展,并结合MFCs技术的前沿,提出土壤MFCs可能的发展方向.     

处理水产养殖污水潜流湿地中的厌氧氨氧化菌群特征

厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation,ANAMMOX)是潜流湿地净化污水的重要功能,目前关于潜流湿地厌氧氨氧化特征还不清楚.为了解处理水产养殖污水潜流湿地中的厌氧氨氧化特点,采用16S rRNA基因克隆文库和实时荧光定量PCR技术以及多样性分析等方法,对处理水产养殖污水潜流湿地中ANAMMOX菌的结构、多样性和丰度进行了研究分析.结果表明,处理水产养殖污水潜流湿地中存在Candidatus brocadia和Candidatus kuenenia这2类已知的ANAMMOX菌和3类未知的ANAMMOX菌,其优势种群为Candidatus brocadia;在不同季节中,秋季潜流湿地中ANAMMOX菌的多样性最高(H',1.21),春季最低(H',0.64);在养殖周期内,潜流湿地中ANAMMOX菌的丰度(以鲜重计,下同)在8.0×104~9.4×106copies·g-1之间,总细菌丰度在7.3×109~9.1×1010copies·g-1之间;在潜流湿地不同层面以及不同季节中,ANAMMOX菌的丰度存在着明显的差异,总细菌丰度则差异不明显,ANAMMOX菌的丰度在不同层面上的差异没有随时间变化的规律性.根据潜流湿地中ANAMMOX菌的分布特征,改变养殖污水布水方式和调整湿地结构可以提高潜流湿地的反硝化效果.该研究为进一步优化潜流湿地结构,提高净化养殖污水效率提供了依据.     

Phosphate removal using aerobic bacterial consortium and pure cultures isolated from activated sludge

In the present study, an attempt is made to evaluate the kinetics of biological phosphate removal using a bacterial consortium of activated sludge, as well as screening for dominant polyphosphates accumulating bacteria. The results showed an efficient phosphate uptake (P < 0.001) of the consortium, with rates related to the initial concentration of both phosphate and carbon sources. Short chain volatile fatty acids presented the suitable substrates for enhanced biological phosphorus removal, of which maximum yield reached 99.23% and 78.51% in basal salt medium supplemented with 0.5% of sodium acetate and lactate respectively. Fifteen phosphate-accumulating bacteria were isolated from the activated sludge and only four isolates were selected and characterized as Pseudomonas aeruginosa AS1, Moraxella lacunata AS2, Acinetobater junii AS3 and Alcaligenes denitrificans AS4. The highest efficiency of phosphate uptake using pure culture was achieved with Ac. junii AS3 (83.36) followed by P. aeruginosa AS1 (81.78%), Al. denitrificans AS4 (76.72%), and M. lacunata AS2 with 50.6%.     

浮床栽培蕹菜根际脱氮微生物研究

浮床栽培植物是一种利用植物根系的吸收和根际微生物作用来改善水质的生物修复技术.本研究以温棚内浮床栽培蕹菜试验为基础,采用PFU法定期监测脱氮细菌变化情况,并与水中总氮含量进行对比,分析在浮床栽培植物情况下脱氮细菌的特征及其与水中总氮含量变化的关系,结果表明:1)栽培蕹菜有利于脱氮细菌的稳定生长;2)脱氮细菌的生长与总氮的去除有良好的相关性.研究为浮床栽培植物净化水质提供了理论依据,对该技术的推广应用有一定的理论和现实意义.表5,参10.     

Effect of ultra-micro powder Dendrobium officinale on the molecular diversity of intestinal bacteria in mice with spleen-deficiency constipation北大核心CSCD

This research aimed to study the effect of ultra-micro powder Dendrobium officinale on the molecular diversity of intestinal bacteria in mice with spleen-deficiency constipation, in order to provide scientific basis for ultra-micro D. officinale therapy. The mice with spleen-deficiency constipation in treatment groups were respectively given the traditional decoction of D. officinale and 50% dose ultra-micro powder D. officinale. The metagenome DNA of intestinal flora was extracted from intestinal contents. Then ARDRA analysis was made after PCR by universal primer of bacteria. The results showed that OTUs, Shannon index and Brillouin index were the same between the normal group and the 50% dose ultra-micro powder group, and between the model group and the traditional decoction group, but greater in the former two groups than the latter ones. The similarity coefficient (0.500 0) was bigger between the 50% dose ultra-micro powder group and the normal group than between the model group and the traditional decoction group, which was 0.181 8. Both cluster analysis and principal components analysis showed that the molecular diversity of intestinal microbiotia in mice of 50% dose ultra-micro powder group was the closest to that in the normal group. The results showed that the weakened molecular diversity of intestinal bacteria in mice with spleen-deficiency constipation can be regulated by the two kinds of D. officinale treatments to different extent. The efficacy of 50% dose ultra-micro powder D. officinale is better than the traditional decoction.     

畜禽养殖过程抗生素使用与耐药病原菌及其抗性基因赋存的研究进展

兽用抗生素在提高畜禽生产性能、防治疾病方面发挥着重要作用,目前全球超过一半以上抗生素用于畜禽养殖,畜禽养殖源耐药病原菌、抗性基因及其传播风险愈益得到人们的重视。我国是畜禽养殖和抗生素使用大国,但兽用抗生素使用、病原菌耐药水平及其抗性基因类型等数据却较为缺乏,不利于今后畜禽养殖源耐药病原菌及其传播风险的控制。因此,本文通过文献调研,对我国和主要发达国家的兽用抗生素使用情况、畜禽养殖源耐药病原菌及其携带的抗性基因、基因移动元件以及向环境传播的途径进行分析、总结,以期为规范合理用药、降低耐药病原菌及其抗性基因传播风险,建立从畜禽养殖场至公共环境全过程的抗性污染控制链条提供借鉴。     

Toxicity evaluation of 10 oil gelling agents北大核心CSCD

Oil gelling agents are widely used in emergency response of marine oil spills. However, the biological toxicity of oil gelling agents is not well understood. This research aimed to evaluate the environmental safety of oil gelling agents used for rapid removal and cleanup of marine oil spills. We used luminescent bacteria (Acinetobacter sp. Tox2 and Acinetobacter sp. RecA) combined with exposure experiment using marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) juveniles to detect the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of 10 oil gelling agents. As a result, a certain level of acute toxicity was detected from the oil gelling agent FOA and GMN-01 (the toxicity equivalent to 0.067 mg/L and 0.084 mg/L of HgCl2, respectively), and a certain level of genotoxicity was detected from the oil gelling agent NORSOREX (the toxicity equivalent to 0.307 mg/L of MMC) by the luminescent bacteria test. However, no obvious acute toxicity or genotoxicity was detected from the above three oil gelling agents in fish-exposure experiments. Our results suggest that the 10 oil gelling agents have no obvious acute toxicity or genotoxicity to higher organisms (including marine medaka). The luminescent bacteria test is more sensitive in detecting biological toxicity of oil gelling agents. This study provides a reference for environmental safety evaluation of the oil gelling agents used in the cleaning up of the marine oil spills.     

Mg2+ improves biomass production from soybean wastewater using purple non-sulfur bacteria

Soybean wastewater was used to generate biomass resource by use of purple non-sulfur bacteria(PNSB). This study investigated the enhancement of PNSB cell accumulation in wastewater by Mg2+under the light-anaerobic condition. Results showed that with the optimal Mg2+dosage of 10 mg/L, biomass production was improved by 70% to 3630 mg/L,and biomass yield also was improved by 60%. Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) removal reached above 86% and hydraulic retention time was shortened from 96 to 72 hr. The mechanism analysis indicated that Mg2+could promote the content of bacteriochlorophyll in photosynthesis because Mg2+is the bacteriochlorophyll active center, and thus improved adenosine triphosphate(ATP) production. An increase of ATP production enhanced the conversion of organic matter in wastewater into PNSB cell materials(biomass yield) and COD removal, leading to more biomass production. With 10 mg/L Mg2+, bacteriochlorophyll content and ATP production were improved by 60% and 33% respectively.